Bucknell
W-L: ( 1- 2) PR = 90.4341Schedule/Results All Games
Date Opponent Conf/State (W-L, PR) Score 225 A Pittsburgh ACC (22- 9, 97.3) 3- 18 310 A North Carolina ACC (28- 5, 97.8) 3- 13 325 A Penn State B10 ( 8-22, 89.3) 9- 0
PREDICTION LIST
-------------------------------------
|Real = actual goal margin |
|Pred = predicted goal margin |
|+ = slightly above prediction |
|++ = above prediction |
|+++ = well above prediction |
|- = slightly below prediction |
|-- = below prediction |
|--- = well below prediction |
|Goals* = Goals over (+) under (-) |
| prediction. N/A when ten |
| goal limit is exceeded |
|n/a = Outside division |
-------------------------------------
Date Opponent Score Real Pred +/- Goals*
225 A Pittsburgh 3-18 -15 -8 --- -6.70
310 A North Carolina 3-13 -10 -9 -1.15
325 A Penn State 9- 0 9 0 +++ 9.34
|
UNDER-ACHIEVED GAMES
Date Opponent Score Real Pred +/- Goals* 225 A Pittsburgh 3-18 -15 -8 --- -6.70 |
OVER-ACHIEVED GAMES
Date Opponent Score Real Pred +/- Goals* 325 A Penn State 9- 0 9 0 +++ 9.34 |
Bucknell Evaluation
The team that earns the point in the pair-wise comparison is based on three criteria:
first is head-to-head, the winner gets the point, however, if they did not play each
other, than it considers w-l versus common opponents. If their records are tied or they
have no common opponents, than the tie-breaker becomes the better power rating.
The Common Opponent Point list in the table below has the record of the winner followed by the
record of the loser for all common opponents
| Opponent | Who Gets the Point? | Head-2-Head Point |
Common Opponent Point |
Power Rating Point |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Binghamton | Binghamton | Binghamton | ||
| Bryant | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Maine | Maine | Maine | ||
| New Jersey Institute | New Jersey Institute | New Jersey Institute | ||
| New Hamp. | New Hamp. | New Hamp. | ||
| UAlbany | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| UMBC | UMBC | UMBC | ||
| Massachusetts at Lowell | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Vermont | Vermont | Vermont | ||
| Charlotte | Charlotte | Charlotte | ||
| East Carolina | East Carolina | tied - ( 0- 1) ( 0- 1) | East Carolina | |
| Florida Atlantic | Florida Atlantic | Florida Atlantic | ||
| Memphis | Memphis | Memphis | ||
| North Texas | North Texas | North Texas | ||
| Rice | Rice | Rice | ||
| South Florida | South Florida | South Florida | ||
| Temple | Temple | Temple | ||
| Tulane | Tulane | Tulane | ||
| Tulsa | Tulsa | Tulsa | ||
| UAB | UAB | UAB | ||
| UTSA | UTSA | UTSA | ||
| Wichita State | Wichita State | Wichita State | ||
| Boston College | Boston College | tied - ( 0- 1) ( 0- 0) | Boston College | |
| California | California | tied - ( 0- 1) ( 0- 1) | California | |
| Clemson | Clemson | Clemson | ||
| Duke | Duke | Duke | ||
| Florida State | Florida State | Florida State | ||
| Georgia Tech | Georgia Tech | tied - ( 0- 1) ( 0- 0) | Georgia Tech | |
| Louisville | Louisville | tied - ( 0- 2) ( 0- 0) | Louisville | |
| Miami of Florida | Miami of Florida | Miami of Florida | ||
| North Carolina | North Carolina | North Carolina | ||
| NC State | NC State | NC State | ||
| Notre Dame | Notre Dame | tied - ( 0- 1) ( 0- 0) | Notre Dame | |
| Pittsburgh | Pittsburgh | Pittsburgh | ||
| SMU | SMU | SMU | ||
| Stanford | Stanford | insuffient: ( 0- 1)( 1- 0) | Stanford | |
| Syracuse | Syracuse | Syracuse | ||
| Virginia Tech | Virginia Tech | Virginia Tech | ||
| Virginia | Virginia | insuffient: ( 0- 1)( 1- 0) | Virginia | |
| Wake Forest | Wake Forest | tied - ( 0- 1) ( 0- 0) | Wake Forest | |
| Austin Peay | Austin Peay | Austin Peay | ||
| Bellarmine | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Central Arkansas | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Eastern Kentucky | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Florida Gulf Coast | Florida Gulf Coast | Florida Gulf Coast | ||
| Jacksonville | Jacksonville | Jacksonville | ||
| Lipscomb | Lipscomb | Lipscomb | ||
| North Alabama | North Alabama | North Alabama | ||
| North Florida | North Florida | North Florida | ||
| Queens University | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Stetson | Stetson | Stetson | ||
| West Georgia | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Davidson | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Dayton | Dayton | Dayton | ||
| Duquesne | Duquesne | Duquesne | ||
| Fordham | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| George Mason | George Mason | George Mason | ||
| George Washington | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| La Salle | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Loyola Chicago | Loyola Chicago | Loyola Chicago | ||
| Rhode Island | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Richmond | Bucknell | insuffient: ( 1- 1)( 0- 2) | Bucknell | |
| Saint Joseph's | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Saint Louis | Saint Louis | Saint Louis | ||
| St. Bonaventure | Bucknell | insuffient: ( 1- 0)( 0- 1) | Bucknell | |
| VCU | VCU | tied - ( 0- 1) ( 0- 1) | VCU | |
| Butler | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Creighton | Creighton | Creighton | ||
| DePaul | DePaul | DePaul | ||
| Georgetown | Georgetown | tied - ( 1- 0) ( 1- 0) | Georgetown | |
| Marquette | Marquette | Marquette | ||
| Providence | Providence | Providence | ||
| Seton Hall | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| St. John's | St. John's | insuffient: ( 1- 0)( 0- 1) | St. John's | |
| UConn | UConn | UConn | ||
| Villanova | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Xavier | Xavier | Xavier | ||
| Eastern Washington | Eastern Washington | Eastern Washington | ||
| Idaho | Idaho | Idaho | ||
| Idaho State | Idaho State | Idaho State | ||
| Montana | Montana | Montana | ||
| Montana State | Montana State | Montana State | ||
| Northern Arizona | Northern Arizona | Northern Arizona | ||
| Northern Colorado | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Portland State | Portland State | Portland State | ||
| Sacramento State | Sacramento State | Sacramento State | ||
| Weber State | Weber State | Weber State | ||
| Illinois | Illinois | insuffient: ( 1- 0)( 0- 0) | Illinois | |
| Indiana | Indiana | tied - ( 0- 1) ( 0- 1) | Indiana | |
| Iowa | Iowa | insuffient: ( 1- 0)( 0- 1) | Iowa | |
| Maryland | Maryland | Maryland | ||
| Michigan | Michigan | Michigan | ||
| Michigan State | Michigan State | Michigan State | ||
| Minnesota | Minnesota | Minnesota | ||
| Nebraska | Nebraska | insuffient: ( 1- 0)( 0- 0) | Nebraska | |
| Northwestern | Northwestern | Northwestern | ||
| Ohio State | Ohio State | Ohio State | ||
| Oregon | Oregon | Oregon | ||
| Penn State | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Purdue | Purdue | tied - ( 1- 0) ( 1- 0) | Purdue | |
| Rutgers | Rutgers | Rutgers | ||
| UCLA | UCLA | UCLA | ||
| USC | USC | USC | ||
| Washington | Washington | Washington | ||
| Wisconsin | Wisconsin | Wisconsin | ||
| Arizona | Arizona | Arizona | ||
| Arizona State | Arizona State | Arizona State | ||
| BYU | BYU | BYU | ||
| Baylor | Baylor | Baylor | ||
| Cincinnati | Cincinnati | Cincinnati | ||
| Colorado | Colorado | Colorado | ||
| Houston | Houston | Houston | ||
| Iowa State | Iowa State | Iowa State | ||
| Kansas | Kansas | Kansas | ||
| Kansas State | Kansas State | tied - ( 1- 0) ( 1- 0) | Kansas State | |
| Oklahoma State | Oklahoma State | Oklahoma State | ||
| TCU | TCU | TCU | ||
| Texas Tech | Texas Tech | tied - ( 1- 0) ( 1- 0) | Texas Tech | |
| UCF | UCF | UCF | ||
| Utah | Utah | Utah | ||
| West Virginia | West Virginia | West Virginia | ||
| Charleston Southern | Charleston Southern | Charleston Southern | ||
| Gardner-Webb | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| High Point | High Point | High Point | ||
| Longwood | Longwood | tied - ( 0- 1) ( 0- 1) | Longwood | |
| Presbyterian | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Radford | Radford | Radford | ||
| South Carolina Upstate | South Carolina Upstate | South Carolina Upstate | ||
| UNC Asheville | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Winthrop | Winthrop | Winthrop | ||
| Cal State Fullerton | Cal State Fullerton | Cal State Fullerton | ||
| Cal State Northridge | Cal State Northridge | Cal State Northridge | ||
| Cal Poly | Cal Poly | Cal Poly | ||
| Cal State Bakersfield | Cal State Bakersfield | tied - ( 0- 1) ( 0- 1) | Cal State Bakersfield | |
| Hawai'i | Hawai'i | Hawai'i | ||
| Long Beach State | Long Beach State | tied - ( 0- 1) ( 0- 1) | Long Beach State | |
| UC Davis | UC Davis | UC Davis | ||
| UC Irvine | UC Irvine | UC Irvine | ||
| UC Riverside | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| UC San Diego | UC San Diego | UC San Diego | ||
| UC Santa Barbara | UC Santa Barbara | UC Santa Barbara | ||
| Campbell | Campbell | tied - ( 0- 1) ( 0- 0) | Campbell | |
| Charleston | Charleston | Charleston | ||
| Drexel | Drexel | Drexel | ||
| Elon | Elon | tied - ( 0- 1) ( 0- 1) | Elon | |
| Hampton | Hampton | Hampton | ||
| Hofstra | Hofstra | Hofstra | ||
| Monmouth | Monmouth | Monmouth | ||
| North Carolina A&T | Bucknell | tied - ( 0- 1) ( 0- 1) | Bucknell | |
| Northeastern | Northeastern | Northeastern | ||
| Stony Brook | Stony Brook | Stony Brook | ||
| Towson | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| UNC Wilmington | UNC Wilmington | UNC Wilmington | ||
| William & Mary | William & Mary | William & Mary | ||
| Delaware | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Florida International | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Jacksonville State | Jacksonville State | Jacksonville State | ||
| Kennesaw State | Kennesaw State | Kennesaw State | ||
| Louisiana Tech | Louisiana Tech | Louisiana Tech | ||
| Liberty | Liberty | Liberty | ||
| Middle Tennessee | Middle Tennessee | Middle Tennessee | ||
| Missouri State | Missouri State | Missouri State | ||
| New Mexico State | New Mexico State | New Mexico State | ||
| Sam Houston | Sam Houston | Sam Houston | ||
| Texas-El Paso | Texas-El Paso | Texas-El Paso | ||
| Western Kentucky | Western Kentucky | Western Kentucky | ||
| Cleveland State | Cleveland State | Cleveland State | ||
| Detroit Titans | Detroit Titans | Detroit Titans | ||
| Green Bay | Green Bay | Green Bay | ||
| Indiana-Purdue | Indiana-Purdue | Indiana-Purdue | ||
| Milwaukee | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Northern Kentucky | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Oakland | Bucknell | tied - ( 0- 1) ( 0- 1) | Bucknell | |
| PFW | PFW | PFW | ||
| Robert Morris | Robert Morris | Robert Morris | ||
| Wright State | Wright State | Wright State | ||
| Youngstown State | Bucknell | tied - ( 0- 1) ( 0- 1) | Bucknell | |
| Brown | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Columbia | Columbia | Columbia | ||
| Cornell | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Dartmouth | Dartmouth | Dartmouth | ||
| Harvard | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Pennsylvania | Pennsylvania | Pennsylvania | ||
| Princeton | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Yale | Yale | Yale | ||
| Canisius | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Fairfield | Fairfield | Fairfield | ||
| Iona | Iona | Iona | ||
| Manhattan | Manhattan | Manhattan | ||
| Marist | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Merrimack | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Mount St. Mary's | Mount St. Mary's | Mount St. Mary's | ||
| Niagara | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Quinnipiac | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Rider | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Sacred Heart | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Saint Peter's | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Siena | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Coppin State | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Delaware State | Delaware State | Delaware State | ||
| Howard | Howard | Howard | ||
| Maryland-Eastern Shore | Maryland-Eastern Shore | Maryland-Eastern Shore | ||
| Morgan State | Morgan State | Morgan State | ||
| NC Central | NC Central | NC Central | ||
| Norfolk State | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| South Carolina State | South Carolina State | South Carolina State | ||
| Akron | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Ball State | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Bowling Green | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Buffalo | Buffalo | Buffalo | ||
| Central Michigan | Central Michigan | Central Michigan | ||
| Eastern Michigan | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Kent State | Kent State | tied - ( 0- 1) ( 0- 1) | Kent State | |
| Massachusetts at Amherst | Massachusetts at Amherst | Massachusetts at Amherst | ||
| Miami | Miami | Miami | ||
| Northern Illinois | Northern Illinois | Northern Illinois | ||
| Ohio | Bucknell | tied - ( 0- 1) ( 0- 1) | Bucknell | |
| Toledo | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Western Michigan | Western Michigan | tied - ( 0- 1) ( 0- 1) | Western Michigan | |
| Belmont | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Bradley | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Drake | Drake | Drake | ||
| Evansville | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Illinois State | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Indiana State | Indiana State | tied - ( 1- 0) ( 1- 0) | Indiana State | |
| Murray State | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Northern Iowa | Northern Iowa | Northern Iowa | ||
| Southern Illinois | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| UIC | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Valparaiso | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Air Force | Air Force | tied - ( 1- 0) ( 1- 0) | Air Force | |
| Boise State | Boise State | Boise State | ||
| Colorado State | Colorado State | Colorado State | ||
| Fresno State | Fresno State | Fresno State | ||
| Grand Canyon | Bucknell | insuffient: ( 1- 0)( 0- 1) | Bucknell | |
| Nevada | Nevada | Nevada | ||
| New Mexico | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| San Diego State | San Diego State | San Diego State | ||
| San José State | San José State | tied - ( 0- 1) ( 0- 1) | San José State | |
| UNLV | UNLV | UNLV | ||
| Utah State | Utah State | Utah State | ||
| Wyoming | Wyoming | Wyoming | ||
| Eastern Illinois | Eastern Illinois | Eastern Illinois | ||
| Lindenwood | Lindenwood | Lindenwood | ||
| Little Rock | Little Rock | Little Rock | ||
| Morehead State | Morehead State | Morehead State | ||
| Southeast Missouri State | Southeast Missouri State | Southeast Missouri State | ||
| SIU Edwardsville | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Southern Indiana | Southern Indiana | Southern Indiana | ||
| Tennessee Tech | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Tenn State | Tenn State | Tenn State | ||
| UT Martin | UT Martin | UT Martin | ||
| Western Illinois | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| CCState | CCState | CCState | ||
| Chicago State | Chicago State | Chicago State | ||
| Fairleigh Dickinson | Fairleigh Dickinson | Fairleigh Dickinson | ||
| Long Island University | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Le Moyne | Bucknell | tied - ( 0- 1) ( 0- 1) | Bucknell | |
| Mercyhurst | Bucknell | tied - ( 0- 1) ( 0- 1) | Bucknell | |
| New Haven | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Saint Francis | Saint Francis | Saint Francis | ||
| Stonehill | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Wagner | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| American | American | American | ||
| Army | Army | Army | ||
| Boston University | Boston University | Boston University | ||
| Colgate | Colgate | Colgate | ||
| Holy Cross | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Lafayette | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Lehigh | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Loyola-Maryland | Loyola-Maryland | Loyola-Maryland | ||
| Navy | Navy | Navy | ||
| Alabama | Alabama | Alabama | ||
| Arkansas | Arkansas | Arkansas | ||
| Auburn | Auburn | Auburn | ||
| Florida | Florida | Florida | ||
| Georgia | Georgia | Georgia | ||
| Kentucky | Kentucky | Kentucky | ||
| LSU | LSU | LSU | ||
| Mississippi State | Mississippi State | Mississippi State | ||
| Missouri | Missouri | Missouri | ||
| Oklahoma | Oklahoma | Oklahoma | ||
| Ole Miss | Ole Miss | Ole Miss | ||
| South Carolina | South Carolina | tied - ( 0- 1) ( 0- 0) | South Carolina | |
| Tennessee | Tennessee | Tennessee | ||
| Texas | Texas | Texas | ||
| Texas A&M | Texas A&M | Texas A&M | ||
| Vanderbilt | Vanderbilt | Vanderbilt | ||
| Chattanooga | Chattanooga | Chattanooga | ||
| East Tennessee State | East Tennessee State | East Tennessee State | ||
| Furman | Furman | Furman | ||
| Mercer | Mercer | Mercer | ||
| Samford | Samford | Samford | ||
| The Citadel | The Citadel | The Citadel | ||
| UNC Greensboro | UNC Greensboro | tied - ( 0- 2) ( 0- 2) | UNC Greensboro | |
| VMI | VMI | VMI | ||
| Western Carolina | Western Carolina | Western Carolina | ||
| Wofford | Wofford | Wofford | ||
| ast Texas A&M | ast Texas A&M | ast Texas A&M | ||
| Houston Christian | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Incarnate Word | Incarnate Word | Incarnate Word | ||
| Lamar | Lamar | Lamar | ||
| McNeese | McNeese | McNeese | ||
| New Orleans | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Nicholls | Nicholls | Nicholls | ||
| Northwestern State | Northwestern State | Northwestern State | ||
| SE Louisiana | SE Louisiana | SE Louisiana | ||
| Stephen F. Austin | Stephen F. Austin | Stephen F. Austin | ||
| Texas A&M-Corpus Christi | Texas A&M-Corpus Christi | insuffient: ( 0- 1)( 1- 0) | Texas A&M-Corpus Christi | |
| UT Rio Grande Valley | UT Rio Grande Valley | UT Rio Grande Valley | ||
| Alabama A&M | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Alabama State | Alabama State | Alabama State | ||
| Alcorn State | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Arkansas-Pine Bluff | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Bethune-Cookman | Bethune-Cookman | Bethune-Cookman | ||
| Florida A&M | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Grambling | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Jackson State | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Mississippi Valley State | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Prairie View A&M | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Southern | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Texas Southern | Texas Southern | Texas Southern | ||
| Denver | Denver | Denver | ||
| Kansas City | Kansas City | Kansas City | ||
| North Dakota State | North Dakota State | North Dakota State | ||
| North Dakota | North Dakota | North Dakota | ||
| Omaha | Omaha | Omaha | ||
| Oral Roberts | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| South Dakota State | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| South Dakota | South Dakota | South Dakota | ||
| St. Thomas | St. Thomas | St. Thomas | ||
| App State | App State | App State | ||
| Arkansas State | Arkansas State | Arkansas State | ||
| Coastal Carolina | Coastal Carolina | Coastal Carolina | ||
| Georgia Southern | Georgia Southern | Georgia Southern | ||
| Georgia State | Georgia State | Georgia State | ||
| James Madison | James Madison | James Madison | ||
| Louisiana | Louisiana | Louisiana | ||
| Marshall | Marshall | Marshall | ||
| Old Dominion | Old Dominion | Old Dominion | ||
| Southern Miss | Southern Miss | Southern Miss | ||
| South Alabama | South Alabama | South Alabama | ||
| Texas State | Texas State | Texas State | ||
| Troy | Troy | Troy | ||
| UL Monroe | UL Monroe | UL Monroe | ||
| Abilene Christian | Abilene Christian | Abilene Christian | ||
| Dixie State | Dixie State | Dixie State | ||
| California Baptist | California Baptist | California Baptist | ||
| Southern Utah | Southern Utah | Southern Utah | ||
| Tarleton State | Tarleton State | Tarleton State | ||
| UT Arlington | UT Arlington | UT Arlington | ||
| Utah Tech | Utah Tech | Utah Tech | ||
| Utah Valley | Utah Valley | Utah Valley | ||
| Gonzaga | Gonzaga | Gonzaga | ||
| Loyola Marymount | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Oregon State | Oregon State | Oregon State | ||
| Pacific | Pacific | Pacific | ||
| Pepperdine | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Portland | Portland | Portland | ||
| Saint Mary's | Saint Mary's | Saint Mary's | ||
| San Diego | San Diego | San Diego | ||
| San Francisco | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Santa Clara | Santa Clara | insuffient: ( 0- 1)( 1- 0) | Santa Clara | |
| Seattle U | Bucknell | Bucknell | ||
| Washington State | Washington State | Washington State |
PowerWise = 93
division Games OnlyAverage number of games used in Games Correction = 15.82
Date Opponent (W-L PR) SCORE SAFE SAFE Home No Games SCI
Loss Win Field Correction Points
SLP SWP Advantage Factor
0 A Pittsburgh (22- 9, 97.3) 3-18 -2.63 13.03 1.46 5.27 -3.07
0 A North Carolina (28- 5, 97.8) 3-13 -2.07 13.58 1.46 5.27 -1.61
0 A Penn State ( 8-22, 89.3) 9- 0 -10.58 5.07 1.46 5.27 68.89
------
64.21
|
winning pts = 68.8940 losing points = -4.6865
SCI ={(SLP or SLW) +/- home-field advantage} * Game Correction.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| (W-L PR) = Won-loss record and power rating |
| SCORE = game score |
| SAFE Loss (SLP) = Points deducted for losing to the opponent |
| SAFE Win (SWP) = Points awarded for defeating the opponent |
| Home-field Advantage = goals deducted/awarded for site |
| No games correction = normalzation based on a ~16 game schedule |
------------------------------------------------------------------------